Yintoni iNeodymium Magnets / NdFeB Magnets?
Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lweumazibuthe onqabileyo womhlabayimagnethi ye-neodymium, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yiNdFeB, NIB, okanye iNeo umazibuthe.I-Neodymium, i-iron, kunye ne-boron zadityaniswa ukuze zenze i-Nd2Fe14B ye-tetragonal crystalline ye-magnetic esisigxina.Imagnethi yeNeodymium lolona hlobo lunamandla lwemagnethi esisigxina kwimarike ngoku.Zaye zaphuhliswa ngokwahlukeneyo ngo-1984 nguGeneral Motors kunye neSumitomo Special Metals.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yokuvelisa esetyenzisiweyo, iimagnethi zeNdFeB zinokuhlelwa njengesinteredokanye ibotshelelwe.Kwizicelo ezininzi kwiimpahla zangoku ezifuna iimagnethi ezinamandla ezisisigxina, ezinjengeemoto zombane kwizixhobo ezingenazintambo, ii-hard disk drives, kunye neziqhoboshi zemagnethi, zithathe indawo yezinye iintlobo zemagnethi.
Ingcaciso Yamandla
I-Neodymium yintsimbi ye-antiferromagnetic ebonisa iimpawu zemagnethi xa inyulu, kodwa kuphela kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-19 K (254.2 °C; 425.5 °F).Iikhompawundi ze-Neodymium ezineentsimbi eziguqukayo ze-ferromagnetic njengentsimbi, ezinobushushu beCurie ngaphezulu kobushushu begumbi, zisetyenziselwa ukwenza imagnethi ye-neodymium.
Amandla emagnethi eNeodymium yindibaniselwano yezinto ezahlukeneyo.Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yi-uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy ephezulu kakhulu ye-tetragonal Nd2Fe14B isakhiwo sekristale (HA 7 T - amandla emagnethi e-H kwiiyunithi ze-A/m ngokuchasene nomzuzu wemagnethi kwi-Am2).Oku kubonisa ukuba ikristale yento yenza imagnethi ngokukhethayo ecaleni kwe-crystal axis ethile kodwa ikufumanisa kunzima kakhulu ukwenza imagneti kwezinye iindawo.I-alloy yemagnethi ye-neodymium, njengabanye oomazibuthe, yenziwe ngeenkozo ze-microcrystalline ezikwixesha lokwenziwa zilungelelaniswe kumhlaba owomeleleyo wemagnethi ukuze ii-axes zazo zemagneti zikhombe kwicala elinye.Ikhompawundi inonyanzeliso oluphezulu kakhulu, okanye ukuxhathisa kwi-demagnetization, ngenxa yokuxhathisa kwekristale kwilathisi ekutshintsheni kwicala layo lemagnethi.
Ngenxa yokuba iqulethe ii-electron ezine ezingasebenziyo kwisakhiwo sayo se-electron xa kuthelekiswa (ngokomndilili) ezintathu kwintsimbi, i-athomu ye-neodymium iyakwazi ukuba nomzuzu obalulekileyo we-dipole.Ii-electron ezingabhangqwanga kwimagnethi ezilungelelanisiweyo ukuze ii-spins zazo zijonge kwicala elifanayo zivelise umhlaba wemagnethi.Oku kubangela i-saturation magnetization enamandla kwindibaniselwano ye-Nd2Fe14B (Js 1.6 T okanye i-16 kG) kunye ne-magnetization eyintsalela ye-1.3 teslas.Ngenxa yoko, esi sigaba samagnetic sinamandla okugcina amanani amakhulu ombane wamagnetic (BHmax 512 kJ / m3 okanye 64 MGOe), njengoko ubuninzi bamandla obuphezulu bulingana ne-Js2.
Eli xabiso lamandla kazibuthe lijikeleze amaxesha angama-18 ngomthamo kunye namaxesha ali-12 ngobukhulu kunemagnethi "eqhelekileyo" yeferrite.I-Samarium cobalt (i-SmCo), imagnethi yokuqala efumanekayo yorhwebo enqabileyo yomhlaba, inomgangatho ophantsi woluphawu lwamandla ombane kune-NdFeB alloys.Iimpawu zemagnethi zeNeodymium zemagnethi ziphenjelelwa ngokwenene yi-microstructure yealloy, inkqubo yokuvelisa, kunye nokwakheka.
Iiathomu zentsimbi kunye nendibaniselwano ye-neodymium-boron ifumaneka kwezinye iileya ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sekristale se-Nd2Fe14B.Iiathom ze-diamagnetic boron zikhuthaza umanyano ngokusebenzisa iibhondi eziqinileyo kodwa azinagalelo ngokuthe ngqo kwimagnetism.Imagnethi ye-Neodymium inexabiso eliphantsi kunemagnethi ye-samarium-cobalt ngenxa yoxinzelelo olusezantsi olunqabileyo lomhlaba (i-12% ngomthamo, i-26.7% ngobunzima), kunye nokufumaneka kwe-neodymium kunye nentsimbi xa kuthelekiswa ne-samarium kunye ne-cobalt.
Iipropati
Amabanga:
Imveliso yamandla enkulu yemagnethi ye-neodymium-ehambelana nemveliso yemagnethi ye-flux ngeyunithi yeyunithi-isetyenziselwa ukuhlula.Iimagnethi ezinamandla zibonakaliswa ngamaxabiso aphezulu.Kukho ulwahlulo olwamkelwe ngokubanzi kwihlabathi jikelele kwiimagnethi ze-NdFeB.Zihamba ngexabiso ukusuka kwi-28 ukuya kwi-52. I-Neodymium, okanye i-sintered NdFeB imagnethi, iboniswa yi-N yokuqala phambi kwamaxabiso.Amaxabiso alandelwa ngoonobumba ababonisa ukunyanzeliswa kwangaphakathi kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu okusebenza, anxulunyaniswa ngokufanelekileyo nobushushu beCurie kunye noluhlu olusuka kokumiselweyo (ukuya kuma-80 °C okanye 176 °F) ukuya ku-TH (230 °C okanye 446 °F) .
Amabanga esintered NdFeB umazibuthe:
N30-N56, N30M-N52M, N30H-N52H, N30SH-N52SH, N28UH-N45UH, N28EH-N42EH, N30AH-N38AH
Iinkcazelo Ngeempawu Zemagnethi:
Phakathi kweempawu ezibalulekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuthelekisa iimagnethi ezisisigxina zezi:
Remanence(Br),eyenza ubungakanani bamandla emagnethi.
Ukunyanzeliswa(Hci),ukuxhathisa i-demagnetization yezinto eziphathekayo.
Ubuninzi bemveliso yamandla(BHmax),elona xabiso likhulu lamaxesha okuxinana kwemagnethi (B).
amandla emagnethi, alinganisa ubuninzi bamandla kazibuthe (H).
Ubushushu beCurie (TC), indawo apho into iyeka ukuba yimagnethi.
Imagnethi ye-Neodymium igqwesa ezinye iintlobo zoomazibuthe ngokwemigaqo ye-remanence, inyanzeliso, kunye nemveliso yamandla, kodwa ihlala inamaqondo asezantsi e-Curie.I-Terbium kunye ne-dysprosium zi-alloys ezimbini ezikhethekileyo zemagnethi ze-neodymium ezidalwe ngamaqondo aphezulu e-Curie kunye nokunyamezela okuphezulu kobushushu.Ukusebenza kozibuthe kweNeodymium umazibuthe kuthelekiswa nokwezinye iintlobo zemagnethi ezisisigxina kule theyibhile ingezantsi.
| Imagnethi | U-Br(T) | Hcj(kA/m) | BHmaxkJ/m3 | TC | |
| ( ℃) | (℉) | ||||
| Nd2Fe14B, sintered | 1.0-1.4 | 750-2000 | 200-440 | 310-400 | 590-752 |
| Nd2Fe14B, ibotshelelwe | 0.6-0.7 | 600-1200 | 60-100 | 310-400 | 590-752 |
| SmCo5, sintered | 0.8-1.1 | 600-2000 | 120-200 | 720 | 1328 |
| Sm(Co, Fe, Cu, Zr)7 sintered | 0.9-1.15 | 450-1300 | 150-240 | 800 | 1472 |
| I-AlNiCi, yancwina | 0.6-1.4 | 275 | 10-88 | 700-860 | 1292-1580 |
| Sr-Ferrite, sintered | 0.2-0.78 | 100-300 | 10-40 | 450 | 842 |
Iingxaki zoMhlwa
Imida eziziinkozo zemagnethi ene-sintered isengozini yokubola kwi-Sintered Nd2Fe14B.Olu hlobo lomhlwa lunokukhokelela kumonakalo obonakalayo, njengokuqhekeka komgangatho ongaphezulu okanye ukuwohloka kwemagnethi ibe ngumgubo wamasuntswana amancinane azibuthe.
Iimpahla ezininzi zorhwebo zijongana nalo mngcipheko ngokuquka isigqubuthelo esikhuselayo ukunqanda ukuchanabeka kokusingqongileyo.Ezona platings zixhaphakileyo yi-nickel, nickel-copper-nickel, kunye ne-zinc, ngelixa ezinye iintsimbi zinokusetyenziswa, njengoko zinokukhusela i-polymer kunye ne-lacquer.iingubo.
Iimpembelelo zobushushu
I-Neodymium ine-coefficient engalunganga, oku kuthetha ukuba xa izinga lokushisa liphakama, zombini ukunyanzeliswa kunye nobuninzi be-magnetic energy density (BHmax) yehla.Kwiqondo lobushushu be-ambient, imagnethi ye-neodymium-iron-boron inonyanzeliso oluphezulu;nangona kunjalo, xa ubushushu bonyuka ngaphezu kwe-100 °C (212 °F), i-coercivity yehla ngokukhawuleza ide ifike kubushushu beCurie, obujikeleze i-320 °C okanye i-608 °F.Oku kuncipha kokunyanzeliswa kunqanda ukusebenza kwemagnethi kwizicelo zobushushu obuphezulu njengeeinjini zomoya, iinjini ezixubileyo, njl.njl. Ukunqanda ukusebenza ekuweni ngenxa yokuguquguquka kobushushu, i-terbium (Tb) okanye i-dysprosium (Dy) yongezwa, okonyusa iindleko umazibuthe.
Usetyenziso
Ngenxa yokuba amandla ayo aphezulu avumela ukusetyenziswa kweemagnethi ezincinci, ezikhaphukhaphu kwisicelo esinikiweyo, iimagnethi ze-neodymium ziye zathatha indawo yealnico kunye nemagnethi yeferrite kuninzi lwezicelo ezingenakubalwa kubuchwephesha bale mihla apho kufuneka imagnethi eyomeleleyo esisigxina.Nantsi imizekelo emininzi:
Ii-actuators zentloko kwiidiski ezinzima zekhompyutha
Izitshixo zokudubula i-e-cigarette
Izitshixo zeminyango
izithethi zefowuni ephathwayo & ii-autofocus actuators
Ukudibanisa magnetic kunye neebheringi
I-spectrometer ye-NMR ephathekayo
Iinjini zombane kunye neeActuators
Ukuqhuba amandla ombane
Izixhobo ezingenazintambo
Ii-Servomotors& Iimotor ezilungelelanisiweyo
IiMotor zokunyusa kunye ne-compressors
I-Spindle kunye ne-stepper motors
I-Hybrid kunye ne-electric car drive motors
Iijenereyitha zombane zeeinjini zomoya (ezinovuselelo lwemagnethi esisigxina)
Retail media case decouplers
Iimagnethi ezinamandla ze-neodymium zisetyenziswa kumashishini enkqubo ukubamba imizimba yangaphandle kunye nokukhusela iimveliso kunye neenkqubo.
Ukomelela okongeziweyo kwemagnethi ye-neodymium kukhuthaze ukusetyenziswa okutsha okunje ngeentsimbi zobucwebe bemagnethi, iiseti zemagnethi zabantwana (kunye nezinye i-neodymium.iithoyi zemagnethi), kwaye njengenxalenye yokuvala isixhobo sangoku separashute yezemidlalo.Ziyezona ntsimbi ziphambili kwimagnethi ezaziwa ngokuba yi "Buckyballs" kunye "neBuckycubes," nangona kunjalo ezinye iivenkile zaseUnited States zikhethe ukungazithengisi ngenxa yenkxalabo yokhuseleko lwabantwana, kwaye ziye zathintelwa eCanada. ngesizathu esifanayo.
Ngokuvela kwemifanekiso evulekileyo yokucinga ngemagnethi yemagnethi (iMRI) esetyenziselwa ukujonga umzimba kumasebe eradiology njengenye indlela yemagnethi ye-superconducting, amandla kunye nemagnethi yemagnethi yemagnethi ye-neodymium ikwavule amathuba amatsha kushishino lwezonyango.
Imagnethi ye-Neodymium isetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo se-reflux ye-gastroesophageal njengenkqubo efakwe ngotyando yokulwa ne-reflux, eyibhendi yemagnethi efakwe ngotyando ejikeleze umbhobho ongezantsi wommizo (GERD).Zikwafakwe kwiminwe ukwenza imvakalelo yoluvo lwemagnethi, nangona oku kungumsebenzi wovavanyo oqheleneyo ne-biohackers kunye negrinders kuphela.
Sintered NdFeB umazibuthezinezona mpawu ziphezulu zemagneti kwaye zisetyenziswa kumacandelo amaninzi, kubandakanywa iiletshi zeengcango, iinjini, iijenereyitha, kunye nezinto ezinzima zemizi-mveliso.
Iimagnethi ezixiniweyo ezidityanisiweyozinamandla kunemagnethi abunjiweyo.
Isitofu sePlastiki yeNdFeB umazibuthesisizukulwana esitsha semathiriyeli esidityaniswe ngumgubo wemagnethi osisigxina kunye neplastiki, eneempawu ezingaqhelekanga zikamagnetic kunye neplastiki, kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokumelana noxinzelelo.
