UTesla ubhengeze namhlanje ngomhla wakhe wotyalo-mali ukuba inkampani iza kwakha imoto yombane yombane engaqhelekanga engenamhlaba.
Umhlaba onqabileyo lithambo lengxabano kwikhonkco lokubonelela ngesithuthi sombane kuba ukubonelela kunzima ukukhusela kwaye uninzi lwemveliso yehlabathi yenziwe okanye iqhutywe eChina.
Oku kubalulekile ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, hayi esona sincinci sikhoyo ulawulo lweBiden ukuvelisa izixhobo zezixhobo zemoto yombane yasekhaya.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho iingcamango ezininzi eziphosakeleyo malunga nokuba yiyiphi i-REE kunye nokuba ingakanani i-REE esetyenziswa kwizithuthi zombane.Enyanisweni, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ngokubanzi aziqulathanga umhlaba onqabileyo (nangona ziqulethe ezinye "izimbiwa ezibalulekileyo" njengoko kuchazwe nguMthetho wokuNcitshiswa kwexabiso lentengo).
Kwitheyibhile yeperiodic, "imihlaba enqabileyo" zizinto ezigxininiswe ngokubomvu kumzobo ongezantsi - i-lanthanides, kunye ne-scandium kunye ne-yttrium.Enyanisweni, azinqabile ngokukodwa, kunye neodymium malunga nesibini kwisithathu somxholo wobhedu.
Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kwizithuthi zombane zisetyenziswa kwiimoto zombane, hayi iibhetri.Eyona isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yi-neodymium, umazibuthe onamandla osetyenziswa kwizithethi, ii-hard drives kunye neemotor zombane.I-Dysprosium kunye ne-terbium zidla ngokusetyenziswa izongezo kwimagnethi ye-neodymium.
Kwakhona, ayizizo zonke iintlobo zeemoto zombane ezisebenzisa ii-REEs-iTesla izisebenzisa kwimagnethi yayo esisigxina yeenjini ze-DC, kodwa hayi kwiimotor zayo ze-AC.
Ekuqaleni, uTesla wasebenzisa ii-AC induction motors kwizithuthi zayo, ezazingadingi umhlaba onqabileyo.Ngokwenyani, kulapho igama lenkampani livela khona-uNikola Tesla wayengumqambi we-AC induction motor.Kodwa ke xa iModeli 3 yaphuma, inkampani yazisa injini entsha yemagnethi esisigxina kwaye ekugqibeleni yaqala ukuzisebenzisa kwezinye izithuthi.
U-Tesla uthe namhlanje uye wakwazi ukunciphisa inani lehlabathi elinqabileyo elisetyenziswe kule mitsha yeModeli ye-3 ye-powertrains nge-25% phakathi kwe-2017 kunye ne-2022 ngenxa yokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-powertrain.
Kodwa ngoku kubonakala ngathi uTesla uzama ukufumana ezona hlabathi zimbini: injini yemagnethi esisigxina kodwa akukho mhlaba unqabileyo.
Eyona ndlela iphambili kwi-NdFeB yeemagnethi ezisisigxina yi-ferrite elula (i-iron oxide, idla ngokudityaniswa ne-barium okanye i-strontium).Unokuhlala usenza iimagnethi ezisisigxina zomelele nje ngokusebenzisa iimagnethi ezininzi, kodwa indawo engaphakathi kwi-rotor yemoto inomda kwaye i-NdFeBB inokubonelela ngemagneti ngakumbi ngezinto ezincinci.Ezinye izinto umazibuthe osisigxina kwimarike ziquka AlNiCo (AlNiCo), leyo iqhuba kakuhle kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kodwa ulahlekelwa uzibuthe ngokulula, kunye Samarium Cobalt, enye umazibuthe enqabileyo emhlabeni efana NdFeB kodwa ngcono kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.Iqela lezinto ezizezinye zisaphandwa ngoku, ikakhulu ezijolise ekuvaleni umsantsa phakathi kweeferrite nomhlaba onqabileyo, kodwa oku kuseselebhu kwaye akukabikho kwimveliso.
Ndiyakrokrela ukuba uTesla ufumene indlela yokusebenzisa i-rotor ngemagnethi ye-ferrite.Ukuba banciphisa umxholo we-REE, oko kuthetha ukuba banciphisa inani lemagnethi esisigxina kwi-rotor.Ndibheje ukuba bagqibe ekubeni bafumane i-flux engaphantsi kunesiqhelo ukusuka kwisiqwenga esikhulu se-ferrite endaweni yeqhekeza elincinci le-NdFeB.Ndisenokuba andilunganga, kusenokwenzeka ukuba basebenzise enye imathiriyeli kwisikali sokulinga.Kodwa oko kubonakala kungenakwenzeka kum - uTesla ujonge ukuveliswa kobuninzi, oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaba onqabileyo okanye iiferi.
Ngexesha lokubonisa imini yabatyali-zimali, uTesla wabonisa isilayidi ethelekisa ukusetyenziswa kwangoku komhlaba onqabileyo kwiModeli Y esisigxina yemoto enezibuthe ezinokubakho kwisizukulwana esilandelayo:
UTesla akazange achaze ukuba zeziphi izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, mhlawumbi ekholelwa ukuba ulwazi luyimfihlo yorhwebo engafuni ukuyichaza.Kodwa inani lokuqala linokuba yi-neodymium, intsalela ingaba yi-dysprosium kunye ne-terbium.
Ngokumalunga neenjini zexesha elizayo – ke, asiqinisekanga ncam.Imizobo kaTesla icebisa ukuba isizukulwana esilandelayo semoto siya kuqulatha umazibuthe osisigxina, kodwa loo magnethi awuyi kusebenzisa umhlaba onqabileyo.
Imagnethi esekwe kwi-Neodymium esisigxina ibingumgangatho wezicelo ezinje kangangexesha elithile, kodwa ezinye izinto ezinokubakho ziye zaphononongwa kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo ukuze zithathelwe indawo.Ngelixa uTesla engakhange achaze ukuba yeyiphi na aceba ukuyisebenzisa, kubonakala ngathi kukufutshane ukwenza isigqibo - okanye ubuncinci ubona ithuba lokufumana isisombululo esingcono kwixesha elizayo elingekude.
UJameson uye waqhuba izithuthi zombane ukususela kwi-2009 kwaye wabhala malunga neenqwelo zombane kunye namandla acocekileyo e-electrok.co ukususela kwi-2016.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-08-2023