Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zemagnethi ziquka:
Alnico Magnets
Iimagnethi ze-Alnico zikhona kwiinguqulelo ezifakwe kwi-cast, sintered, kunye ne-bonded. Ezona zixhaphakileyo ziimagnethi ezenziwe ngealnico. Ziliqela elibaluleke kakhulu lealloyi zemagnethi ezisisigxina. Imagnethi yealnico iqulathe iNi, A1, Fe, kunye neCo kunye nezongezo ezincinci zeTi kunye neCu. I-alnicos ine-coercivities ephezulu kakhulu ngenxa ye-shape anisotropy ye-Pe okanye i-Fe, i-Co particles. La masuntswana ancitshiswa kwi-ferromagnetic ebuthathaka okanye engeyiyo i-ferromagnetic ye-Ni-Al matrix. Emva kokupholisa, i-isotropic alnicos 1-4 iyancipha iiyure eziliqela kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu.
Ukubola kwe-Spinodal yinkqubo yokuhlukana kwesigaba. Ubungakanani bokugqibela kunye neemilo zamasuntswana zimiselwa kwizigaba zokuqala zokubola kwespinodal. IiAlnicos zinezona zilinganisi zobushushu zingcono ngoko ke ngokutshintsha kweqondo lobushushu zibe nolona tshintsho luncinci kwimveliso yentsimi. Ezi magnethi zinokusebenza kowona bushushu buphezulu bawo nawuphi na umazibuthe.
I-Demagnetization ye-alnicos inokuncitshiswa ukuba indawo yokusebenza iphuculwe, njengokusebenzisa umazibuthe omde kunangaphambili ukuze kwandiswe umlinganiselo wobude ukuya kwidayamitha engummiselo olungileyo wesikhokelo sobhontsi kwiimagnethi ze-Alnico. Zonke izinto zangaphandle zokukhupha iimagnethi kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo nangona kunjalo. Umlinganiselo omkhulu wobude ukuya kwidayamitha kunye nesekethe yemagnethi elungileyo nayo ingafuneka.
Iimagnethi zeBar
Iimagnethi zeBar ziziqwenga zezinto ezibuxande, ezenziwe ngentsimbi, intsimbi okanye nayiphi na enye into ene-ferromagnetic eneempawu okanye iipropathi ezinamandla zemagnethi. Zizibonda ezibini, isibonda esingasentla nesibonda sasezantsi.
Xa umazibuthe webar unqunyanyisiwe ngokukhululekileyo, uyazilungelelanisa ukuze ipali yasemantla yalathe kwicala lepali esemantla enemagnethi yomhlaba.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeemagnethi zebar. Iimagnethi zebha yeCylindrical zikwabizwa ngokuba ziimagnethi zentonga kwaye banotyekelo oluphezulu kakhulu kwidayamitha evumela ipropathi yabo ephezulu yemagnethi. Iqela lesibini lemagnethi yebar ziimagnethi zebar ezixande. Ezi magnethi zifumana uninzi lwezicelo kumacandelo okuvelisa kunye nobunjineli njengoko zinamandla omagnetic kunye nentsimi enkulu kunezinye iimagnethi.
Ukuba umazibuthe webar waphukile phakathi, zombini iziqwenga ziya kuhlala zinepali engasentla kunye nepali esezantsi, nokuba oku kuphindwa kaninzi. Amandla umazibuthe webar anamandla kakhulu kwipali. Xa iimagnethi ezimbini zebar zisondezwa omnye komnye, iipali zazo ezingafaniyo ziyatsala ngokuqinisekileyo kwaye njengezibonda ziya kugxotha enye kwenye. Iimagnethi zebha zitsala izixhobo ze-ferromagnetic ezifana ne-cobalt, nickel, kunye nentsimbi.
Iimagnethi ezidityanisiweyo
Iimagnethi ezidityanisiweyo zineenxalenye ezimbini eziphambili: ipolymer engeyiyo imagnetic kunye nomgubo onzima wemagnethi. Le yokugqibela inokwenziwa kuzo zonke iintlobo zezinto eziphathekayo, kuquka i-alnico, i-ferrite kunye neodymium, i-cobalt kunye nentsimbi. Umgubo wemagnethi emibini okanye ngaphezulu inokuxutywa kunye ngokwenza umxube womgubo. Iimpawu zomgubo ziphuculwe ngononophelo ngekhemistri kunye nenyathelo ngenyathelo lokusetyenzwa elijolise ekusebenziseni umazibuthe odibeneyo nokuba zeziphi izinto.
Iimagnethi ezidityanisiweyo zineengenelo ezininzi kuba ukwenziwa kwemilo ekufutshane nenetha kufuna ukuba akukho okanye kugqibezela okuphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkqubo zetsimbi. Ngoko ke iindibano zexabiso ezongeziweyo zinokwenziwa ngokwezoqoqosho kumsebenzi omnye. Ezi magnethi zizixhobo ezininzi eziguquguqukayo kwaye ziquka iindlela ezininzi zokusetyenzwa. Ezinye iingenelo zeemagnethi ezibotshiweyo kukuba zineempawu ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini kunye nokuxhathisa okukhulu kombane xa kuthelekiswa nemathiriyeli edibeneyo. Ezi magnethi zikwafumaneka ngokobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye neemilo. Banokunyamezela okuhle kwejometri kunye nemisebenzi ephantsi kakhulu yesibini. Zikwafumaneka kunye ne-multipole magnetization.
Iimagnethi zeCeramic
Igama elithi umazibuthe we-ceramic libhekisa kwiimagnethi zeFerrite. Ezi magnethi zeceramic ziyinxalenye yosapho lwemagnethi esisigxina. Zezona ndleko ziphantsi ezikhoyo xa zithelekiswa nezinye iimagnethi. Izinto ezenza iimagnethi ze-ceramic yi-iron oxide kunye ne-strontium carbonate. Ezi magnethi ze-ferrite zinomlinganiselo wamandla kazibuthe ophakathi kwaye zinokusetyenziswa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Olunye uncedo olukhethekileyo abanalo kukuba luyakwazi ukumelana nomhlwa kwaye lulula kakhulu ukwenza imagneti, lubenza babe lukhetho lokuqala kubathengi abaninzi, kwimizi-mveliso, kubugcisa kunye nezicelo zorhwebo. Iimagnethi zeCeramic zinamabanga ahlukeneyo kwaye aqhele ukusetyenziswa yiBanga lesi-5. Zifumaneka ngeemilo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neebhloko kunye neemilo zeringi. Zisenokwenziwa ngokwesiko ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zomthengi.
Iimagnethi zeFerrite zingasetyenziswa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Iimpawu zemagnethi zemagnethi ze-ceramic ziyehla ngeqondo lobushushu. Bakwafuna izakhono ezikhethekileyo zobuchwephesha. Enye inzuzo eyongeziweyo kukuba akukho mfuneko yokuba zikhuselwe kumhlwa ongaphezulu kuba zenza ifilimu yomgubo wemagnethi kumphezulu wazo. Ekudibaneni, zihlala zincamathele kwiimveliso ngokusebenzisa iiglues ezinkulu. Iimagnethi zeCeramic zibhetyebhetye kwaye ziqinile, zophuka lula ukuba ziwisiwe okanye zityunyuzwe kunye, ngoko ke inkathalo eyongezelelweyo kunye nenkathalo iyafuneka xa uphethe ezimagnethi.
Iimagnethi zombane
Iimagnethi zimagnethi apho umsinga wombane ubangela umhlaba wemagnethi. Ngokuqhelekileyo zibandakanya ucingo olufakwe kwikhoyili. I-current idala i-magnetic field ngokusebenzisa ucingo. Xa i-current ivaliwe i-magnetic field iyanyamalala. Iimagnethi zibandakanya ukujika kweengcingo ezihlala zijikelezwe kumbindi wemagnethi owenziwe kwintsimi yeferromagnetic. Imagnethi igxile kumbindi wemagnethi, uvelisa umazibuthe onamandla ngakumbi.
I-advanteji yeemagnethi xa kuthelekiswa neemagnethi ezisisigxina kukuba utshintsho lunokusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza kwi-magnetic field ngokulawula umsinga wombane kwi-winding. Nangona kunjalo, i-drawback enkulu yee-electromagnets kukuba kukho imfuneko yobonelelo oluqhubekayo lwangoku ukuze kugcinwe i-magnetic field. Ezinye iingxaki kukuba zitshisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye zidla amandla amaninzi. Bakwakhupha izixa ezikhulu zamandla kumhlaba wabo wemagnethi ukuba kukho uphazamiseko kumsinga wombane. Ezi magnethi zihlala zisetyenziswa njengamacandelo ezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zombane, ezinje ngeejenereyitha, iireyiyidi, i-electro-mechanical solenoids, iimotor, izipikha zesandisi-lizwi, kunye nezixhobo zokwahlula imagnethi. Olunye usetyenziso olukhulu kwishishini kukuhambisa izinto ezinzima kunye nokuchola intsimbi kunye nentsimbi. Ezinye iipropathi ezimbalwa ze-electromagnets kukuba iimagnethi zitsala izinto ze-ferromagnetic ezifana ne-nickel, i-cobalt, kunye nentsimbi kwaye njengamaninzi amagnethi afana nezibonda zihamba zisuka komnye nomnye ngelixa izibonda ezingafaniyo zikhanga enye kwenye.
Iimagnethi eziguquguqukayo
Iimagnethi eziguquguqukayo zizinto ezinozibuthe ezenzelwe ukugoba ngaphandle kokwaphuka okanye ukugcina umonakalo. Ezi magnethi aziqinanga okanye aziqinile, kodwa zinokugoba. Lo ungasentla uboniswe kumfanekiso 2:6 unokusongwa. Ezi magnethi zahlukile kuba ezinye iimagnethi azikwazi ukugoba. Ngaphandle kokuba yimagnethi ebhetyebhetye, ayinakugoba ngaphandle kokonakala okanye ukwaphuka. Uninzi lweemagnethi eziguquguqukayo zinesubstrate yokwenziwa enomaleko obhityileyo we-ferromagnetic powder. I-substrate iyimveliso yezinto eziguquguqukayo kakhulu, njengevinyl. I-substrate yokwenziwa iba ngumagnetic xa i-ferromagnetic powder isetyenziswa kuyo.
Iindlela ezininzi zemveliso zisetyenziselwa ukwenza ezi magnethi, nangona kunjalo phantse zonke zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-ferromagnetic powder kwi-synthetic substrate. I-ferromagnetic powder ixutywe kunye ne-agent enamathelayo enamathelayo ide ibambelele kwi-synthetic substrate. Iimagnethi eziguquguqukayo ziza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo umzekelo amaxwebhu oyilo olwahlukeneyo, iimilo, kunye nobukhulu aqhele ukusetyenziswa. Izithuthi, iingcango, iikhabhathi zentsimbi kunye nezakhiwo zisebenzisa ezi magnethi ziguqukayo. Ezi magnethi zikwakhona ngokwemicu, imicu ibhityile kwaye inde xa kuthelekiswa namashiti.
Kwimarike zihlala zithengiswa kwaye zipakishwe kwimiqulu. Iimagnethi eziguquguqukayo ziyaguquguquka kunye neepropathi zazo ezinokugobeka kwaye zinokusonga oomatshini ngokulula kunye neminye imiphezulu kunye nezinto. Umazibuthe oguquguqukayo uxhaswa nkqu nemigangatho engagudi kakuhle okanye ithe tyaba. Iimagnethi eziguquguqukayo zinokusikwa kwaye zibunjwe ngokwemilo kunye nobukhulu obunqwenelekayo. Uninzi lwazo lunokunqunyulwa kunye nesixhobo sokusika sendabuko. Iimagnethi eziguquguqukayo azichatshazelwa kukomba, aziyi kuqhekeka kodwa ziya kwenza imingxunya ngaphandle kokonakalisa izinto ezijikelezileyo zemagneti.
Iimagnethi zoShishino
Imagnethi yoShishino yimagnethi enamandla kakhulu esetyenziswa kwicandelo leshishini. Ziyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamacandelo kwaye zinokufumaneka kuyo nayiphi na imilo okanye ubukhulu. Zikwadume ngamabakala azo amaninzi kunye neempawu zokugcina iipropathi zemagnetism eshiyekileyo. Imagnethi esisigxina yeshishini inokwenziwa ngealnico, umhlaba onqabileyo, okanye ngeceramic. Zimagnethi ezenziwe ngento ye-ferromagnetic eyenziwe ngumagnetic yimagnethi yangaphandle, kwaye ziyakwazi ukuba kwimeko yemagneti ixesha elide. Iimagnethi zemizi-mveliso zigcina imeko yazo ngaphandle koncedo lwangaphandle, kwaye ziquka iipali ezimbini ezibonisa ukunyuka kokuqina kufutshane neepali.
Imagnethi yeSamarium Cobalt Industrial inokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu ukuya kuma 250 °C. Ezi magnethi zixhathisa kakhulu ekumdleni kuba zingenazo izinto zesinyithi kuzo. Nangona kunjalo olu hlobo lwemagnethi luxabisa kakhulu ukuvelisa ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu zemveliso ye-cobalt. Kuba iimagnethi ze-cobalt zixabisa iziphumo abazivelisayo kwimagnethi ephezulu kakhulu, imagnethi ye-samarium cobalt yamashishini ihlala isetyenziswa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kwaye yenza iimotor, izinzwa kunye neejenereyitha.
I-Alnico Industrial Magnet iqulathe indibaniselwano elungileyo yemathiriyeli eyialuminiyam, icobalt, kunye nenickel. Ezi magnethi zinokuquka ikopolo, intsimbi, kunye netitanium. Xa kuthelekiswa neyokuqala, iimagnethi zealnico ziyakwazi ukumelana nobushushu kwaye ziyakwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu ukuya kuma 525 °C. Zikwalula ukwenza i-demagnetize kuba zinovelwano kakhulu. I-Industrial Electromagnets iyahlengahlengiswa kwaye inokuvulwa kunye nokucima.
Iimagnethi zamashishini zinokuba nokusetyenziswa okunje:
Zisetyenziselwa ukuphakamisa intsimbi, iintsimbi kunye neepleyiti zentsimbi. Ezi magnethi zomeleleyo zisetyenziswa kwiinkampani ezininzi zokwenza izinto njengezixhobo ezinombane ezinamandla ezenza umsebenzi ube lula kubasebenzi. Umazibuthe weshishini ubekwa phezu kwento kwaye emva koko umazibuthe uyavulwa ukuze ubambe into kwaye wenze ukudluliselwa kwindawo oyifunayo. Ezinye zezibonelelo zokusebenzisa iimagnethi zokunyusa kwimizi-mveliso kukuba kukho umngcipheko osezantsi kakhulu weengxaki zezihlunu namathambo phakathi kwabasebenzi.
Ukusebenzisa ezi magnethi zemizi-mveliso kunceda abasebenzi bemveliso bazikhusele ekonzakaleni, basuse imfuno yokuthwala ngokwasemzimbeni izinto ezinzima. Iimagnethi zamashishini ziphucula imveliso kwiinkampani ezininzi zokwenza izinto, kuba ukuphakamisa kunye nokuthwala izinto ezinzima ngesandla kudla ixesha kunye nokukhupha umzimba kubasebenzi, imveliso yabo ichaphazeleka kakhulu.
Ukwahlula kweMagnetic
Inkqubo yokwahlula kwamagnetic ibandakanya ukwahlula iinxalenye zemixube ngokusebenzisa umazibuthe ukutsala imathiriyeli kazibuthe. Ukwahlula ngemagnethi kuluncedo kakhulu ekukhetheni iiminerali ezimbalwa eziyi-ferromagnetic, eziziminerali eziqulathe i-cobalt, i-iron kunye ne-nickel. Uninzi lwesinyithi, kubandakanywa isilivere, i-aluminiyam, kunye negolide ayinamagnetic. Ukwahlukana okukhulu kakhulu kweendlela zoomatshini zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwahlula ezi mathiriyeli zemagnethi. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokwahlula kwamagnetic, iimagnethi zicwangciswe ngaphakathi kweegubhu ezimbini zokwahlula eziqulathe ulwelo, ngenxa yeemagnethi, amasuntswana omagnetic aqhutywa yintshukumo yegubu. Oku kudala ukugxila kwemagnethi umzekelo intsimbi ekrwada.
Inkqubo yokwahlula kwamagnetic ikwasetyenziswa kwiikhreyini ze-electromagnetic ezahlula izinto zemagnethi kwizinto ezingafunwayo. Oku kwazisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kulawulo lwenkunkuma kunye nezixhobo zokuthumela ngenqanawa. Iintsimbi ezingeyomfuneko nazo zinokwahlulwa kwiimpahla ngale ndlela. Zonke izixhobo zigcinwa zinyulu. Amaziko ahlukeneyo okurisayikilisha kunye namaziko asebenzisa ukwahlulwa kwemagnethi ukususa izinto ekusetyenzisweni ngokutsha, iintsimbi ezahlukileyo, kunye nokucoca intsimbi ekrwada, iipuli zemagnethi, oomazibuthe abaphezulu, kunye namagubu emagnethi ibiziindlela zembali zokurisayikilisha kwishishini.
Ukwahlula kwemagnethi kuluncedo kakhulu kwi-iron yemigodi. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-iron itsalwa kakhulu kwimagnethi. Le ndlela iphinda isetyenziswe kumashishini okucubungula ukwahlula izinto ezingcolileyo zetsimbi kwiimveliso. Le nkqubo ikwabalulekile kumashishini axuba amayeza kunye nakumashishini okutya. Indlela yokwahlula imagnethi idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiimeko apho kukho imfuneko yokubeka iliso kungcoliseko, ukulawula ungcoliseko, kunye nokusetyenzwa kweekhemikhali. Indlela yokwahlula imagnethi engenamandla ikwasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iimveliso ezikrelekrele ezityebile ngentsimbi ezinokuthi ziphinde zisetyenziswe. Ezi mveliso zinezinga eliphantsi kakhulu lokungcola kunye nomthwalo ophezulu wentsimbi.
Umtya Magnetic
Itekhnoloji yomgca wemagnethi ivumele idatha ukuba igcinwe kwikhadi leplastiki. Oku kuphunyezwe ngokutshaja amasuntswana amancinane ngokwemagnethi ngaphakathi komgca wemagnethi kwelinye icala lekhadi. Ubuchwephesha bomgca wemagnethi bukhokelele ekwakhiweni kweemodeli zekhadi letyala kunye nedebhithi. Oku kuthathe indawo yentengiselwano ngemali kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela. Umgca wemagnethi unokubizwa ngokuba yimagstripe. Ukwenziwa kwamakhadi omgca wemagnethi anokuqina okuphezulu kakhulu kunye nemfezeko yedatha engaguqukiyo, amaziko emali kunye neebhanki zikwazile ukwenza zonke iintlobo zentengiselwano kunye neenkqubo ezisekelwe kwikhadi.
Imigca yemagnethi inamanani angabaleki entengiselwano yonke imihla kwaye yenziwa luncedo kwiintlobo ezininzi zamakhadi okuchonga. Abantu abanobuchule bokufunda amakhadi bakufumanisa kulula ukukhupha ngokukhawuleza iinkcukacha kwikhadi lamagnetic, elithunyelwa ebhankini ukuze ligunyaziswe. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka edlulileyo, itekhnoloji entsha ye-brand-entsha iye yanda kakhulu ekukhuphisaneni neentengiselwano zekhadi lemagnethi. Iingcali ezininzi zibhekisela kule ndlela yanamhlanje njengenkqubo yokuhlawula ngaphandle koqhagamshelwano ngenxa yokuba ibandakanya iimeko apho iinkcukacha zentengiselwano zinokuthi zidluliselwe, kungekhona ngomgca wemagnethi, kodwa ngeempawu ezithunyelwa kwi-chip encinci. Inkampani i-Apple Inc. iqalise iinkqubo zokuhlawula ngaphandle koqhagamshelwano.
Neodymium Magnets
Ezi magnethi zomhlaba zinqabileyo zimagnethi ezisisigxina. Bavelisa imimandla yemagnethi eyomeleleyo, kwaye iMazibuthe eveliswa zezi magnethi ze-neodymium ingaphezulu kwe-1.4 teslas. Imagnethi yeNeodymium inezicelo ezininzi ezichazwe ngezantsi. Zisetyenziswa ekwenzeni ii-hard disk drives eziqulathe iingoma kunye namacandelo abonisa iiseli zemagnethi. Zonke ezi seli zenziwe ngemagnethi nanini na xa idatha ibhaliwe kwidrive. Enye indlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo ezi magnethi kukwisandisi-lizwi, ii-headphones, imibhobho yesandisi-lizwi, neeearphones.
Iikhoyili zangoku ezifumaneka kwezi zixhobo zisetyenziselwa kunye neemagnethi ezisisigxina ukuguqula umbane kumandla omatshini. Esinye isicelo sesokuba iimagnethi ezincinci ze-neodymium zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukubeka amazinyo emboleko ngokugqibeleleyo endaweni. Ezi magnethi zisetyenziswa kwizakhiwo zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo kwiingcango ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko olupheleleyo. Olunye usetyenziso olusebenzayo lwezi magnethi kukwenza ubucwebe bonyango, intsimbi yomqala kunye nobucwebe. Imagnethi ye-Neodymium isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-anti-lock brake sensors, ezi ziqhoboshi zokutshixa zifakwe kwiimoto kunye nezithuthi ezininzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-05-2022