Imagnethi yeNeodymium (Nd-Fe-B).yimagnethi yomhlaba eqhelekileyo enqabileyo eyenziwe yi-neodymium (Nd), intsimbi (Fe), iboron (B), kunye neentsimbi zotshintsho. Banomsebenzi ogqwesileyo kwizicelo ngenxa yentsimi yabo eyomeleleyo yamagnetic, eyi-1.4 teslas (T), iyunithi ye-induction magnetic okanye i-flux density.
Iimagnethi ze-Neodymium zihlelwa ngokwendlela ezenziwe ngayo, ezidityanisiweyo okanye zibotshwe. Ziye zaba zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimagnethi ukususela ekuphuhlisweni kwazo ngo-1984.
Kwimeko yayo yendalo, i-neodymium yi-ferromagnetic kwaye inokuthi ifakwe imagneti kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu. Xa idityaniswe nezinye iintsimbi, ezifana nentsimbi, inokuba nemagnethi kubushushu begumbi.
Izakhono zemagnethi zemagnethi ye-neodymium zinokubonwa kumfanekiso osekunene.
Iintlobo ezimbini zeemagnethi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ziyi-neodymium kunye ne-samarium cobalt. Ngaphambi kokufunyanwa kweemagnethi ze-neodymium, imagnethi ye-samarium cobalt yayiyeyona isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kodwa yatshintshwa yimagnethi ye-neodymium ngenxa yeendleko zokwenza imagnethi ye-samarium cobalt.
Zeziphi iiPropati zeMazibuthe yeNeodymium?
Olona phawu luphambili lweemagnethi ze-neodymium yindlela ezomeleleyo ngayo ngokobukhulu bazo. Imagnethi yemagnethi ye-neodymium yenzeka xa imagnethi isetyenziswa kuyo kwaye i-atomic dipoles ilungelelaniswa, eyi-magnetic hysteresis loop. Xa imagnethi isusiwe, inxalenye yolungelelwaniso isala kwineodymium enemagnethi.
Amabanga emagnethi e-neodymium abonisa amandla abo omagnetic. Okukhona liphezulu inani lebakala, kokukhona linamandla amandla umazibuthe. Amanani avela kwiipropati zabo ezichazwe njenge-mega gauss Oersteds okanye i-MGOe, eyona ndawo inamandla ye-BH Curve yayo.
Isikali sohlelo "N" siqala ku-N30 siye ku-N52, nangona iimagnethi ze-N52 zingafane zisetyenziswe okanye zisetyenziswe kwiimeko ezizodwa kuphela. Inombolo "N" inokulandelwa ngoonobumba ababini, abafana no-SH, ababonisa ukunyanzeliswa kwemagnethi (Hc). Okukhona iphezulu iHc, kokukhona iqondo lobushushu liphezulu imagnethi yeneo inokunyamezela phambi kokuba iphulukane nemveliso yayo.
Itshathi engezantsi idwelisa awona mabanga axhaphakileyo emagnethi e-neodymium asetyenziswayo ngoku.
IiPropati zeNeodymium Magnets
Remanence:
Xa i-neodymium ibekwe kwindawo yemagnethi, i-atomic dipoles iyahambelana. Emva kokususwa ebaleni, inxalenye yolungelelwaniso isala isenza i-neodymium enemagnethi. I-Remanence yi-flux density ehlalayo xa intsimi yangaphandle ibuya kwixabiso le-saturation ukuya kwi-zero, okuyi-magnetization eseleyo. Okukhona i-remanence iphezulu, iphezulu i-flux density. Imagnethi ye-Neodymium inoxinzelelo lwe-flux ye-1.0 ukuya kwi-1.4 T.
Ukuhlala kweemagnethi ze-neodymium kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela ezenziwe ngayo. Iimagnethi ze-Sintered neodymium zine-T ye-1.0 ukuya kwi-1.4. Imagnethi ye-neodymium ene-Bonded ine-0.6 ukuya kwi-0.7 T.
Ukunyanzeliswa:
Emva kokuba i-neodymium yenziwe umazibuthe, ayibuyeli kwi-zero magnetization. Ukuyibuyisela kwi-zero magnetization, kufuneka iqhutywe emva kwentsimi kwelinye icala, elibizwa ngokuba yi-coercivity. Le propati yemagnethi kukukwazi kwayo ukumelana nempembelelo yamandla ombane wangaphandle ngaphandle kokukhutshwa nguzibuthe. Ukunyanzeliswa ngumlinganiselo wobunzulu obufunekayo ukusuka kumhlaba wemagnethi ukuze kuncitshiswe imagnethi ibuyele ku-zero okanye ukuxhathisa umazibuthe ukuze ungabikho.
Ukunyanzeliswa kulinganiswa ngeeyunithi ze-oersted okanye i-ampere ezibhalwe njenge-Hc. Ukunyanzeliswa kweemagnethi ze-neodymium kuxhomekeke kwindlela ezenziwe ngayo. Iimagnethi ze-Sintered neodymium zine-coercivity ye-750 Hc ukuya kwi-2000 Hc, ngelixa i-neodymium magnets eboshiweyo ine-coercivity ye-600 Hc ukuya kwi-1200 Hc.
Imveliso yaMandla:
Uxinaniso lwamandla ombane luphawulwa ngelona xabiso liphezulu lokuxinana kwamaxesha okuguquguquka kwamandla omhlaba wemagnethi, elixabiso lemagnethi eguquguqukayo kwindawo nganye yomphezulu weyunithi. Iiyunithi zilinganiswa ngee-teslas zeeyunithi ze-SI kunye ne-Gauss yayo kunye nophawu loxinaniso lwe-flux yi-B. Uxinaniso lwemagnetic flux ludibaniso lwendawo yemagnethi yangaphandle H kunye nomzimba wemagnethi polarization J kwiiyunithi ze-SI.
Iimagnethi ezisisigxina zinendawo engu-B kumbindi wazo nakwindawo ezingqongileyo. Isalathiso samandla entsimi ye-B sibalelwa kumanqaku angaphakathi nangaphandle kwemagnethi. Inaliti yekhampasi kumhlaba ongu-B wemagnethi izikhomba kwicala eliya ngakulo intsimi.
Akukho ndlela ilula yokubala ukuxinana kweflux yeemilo zemagnethi. Kukho iinkqubo zekhompyutha ezinokwenza ukubala. Iifomula ezilula zingasetyenziswa kwiijometri ezingantsonkothanga kakhulu.
Ubukhulu bemagnethi bulinganiswa kwiGauss okanye kwiTeslas kwaye ngumlinganiselo oqhelekileyo wamandla umazibuthe, ongumlinganiselo woxinaniso lwemagnethi yayo. Imitha ye-gauss isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukuxinana kwemagnethi. Uxinaniso lwe-flux yemagnethi ye-neodymium yi-6000 Gauss okanye ngaphantsi kuba inomgca othe tye wegophe lokuyeka uzibuthe.
Ubushushu beCurie:
Ubushushu beCurie, okanye indawo ye-Curie, liqondo lobushushu apho izinto zemagneti zinotshintsho kwiipropathi zazo zemagneti kwaye zibe paramagnetic. Kwiimethali ezinozibuthe, iiathom zemagnethi zilungelelaniswa kwicala elinye kwaye zomeleza enye kwenye. Ukunyusa iqondo lobushushu curie kutshintsha ilungiselelo leathom.
Ukunyanzeliswa kuyanda njengoko ubushushu bukhula. Nangona iimagnethi ze-neodymium zinokunyanzeliswa okuphezulu kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, iyehla njengoko iqondo lobushushu linyuka lide lifike kubushushu becurie, obunokuba malunga nama-320° C okanye ama-608° F.
Nokuba zinamandla kangakanani na imagnethi ye-neodymium, ubushushu obugqithisileyo bungaziguqula iiathom zabo. Ukuboniswa ixesha elide kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunokubenza baphulukane ngokupheleleyo neempawu zabo zemagnethi, eziqala kuma-80° C okanye kwi-176° F.
Zenziwa njani iimagnethi zeNeodymium?
Iinkqubo ezimbini ezisetyenzisiweyo ukwenza imagnethi ye-neodymium i-sintering kunye ne-bonding. Iimpawu zemagnethi ezigqityiweyo ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela eziveliswa ngayo kunye ne-sintering ibe yeyona ndlela ilungileyo kwezi ndlela zimbini.
Zenziwa njani iimagnethi zeNeodymium
Sintering
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Ukunyibilika:
I-Neodymium, i-Iron kunye ne-Boron ziyalinganiswa kwaye zifakwe kwisithando sokufakelwa kwe-vacuum ukwenza i-alloy. Ezinye izinto zongezwa kumabakala athile, afana ne-cobalt, ubhedu, i-gadolinium, kunye ne-dysprosium ukuncedisa ukuxhathisa ukubola. Ukufudumeza kwenziwa ngamaza ombane eeddy kwi-vacuum ukugcina ungcoliseko ngaphandle. Umxube we-neo alloy wahlukile kumenzi ngamnye kunye nebakala lemagnethi ye-neodymium.
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Ukwenza umgubo:
I-alloy encibilikile ipholile kwaye yenziwe kwiingots. I-ingots i-jet egayiweyo kwi-nitrogen kunye ne-argon atmosphere ukudala i-micron-size powder. Umgubo we-neodymium ufakwa kwi-hopper ukuze ucinezele.
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Ukucinezela:
I-powder icinezelwe kwi-die enkulu kancinane kunemilo efunwayo yinkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-upsetting kwiqondo lokushisa malunga ne-725 ° C. Ubume obukhulu bokufa buvumela ukuncipha ngexesha lenkqubo ye-sintering. Ngexesha loxinzelelo, izinto eziphathekayo zibonakaliswe kwintsimi yamagnetic. Ifakwe kwidiyiti yesibini ukuze icinezelwe ibe yimilo ebanzi ukulungelelanisa i-magnetization parallel ukuya kwicala lokucinezela. Ezinye iindlela zibandakanya izixhobo zokuvelisa amandla ombane ngexesha lokucinezela ukulungelelanisa amasuntswana.
Phambi kokuba kukhululwe umazibuthe ocinezelweyo, ufumana i-pulse demagnetizing pulse ukuze uyishiye ingenazibuthe ukuze yenze umazibuthe oluhlaza, obhideka lula kwaye uneempawu zemagnethi ezilambathayo.
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Sintering:
I-Sintering, okanye i-frittage, idibanisa kwaye yenze imagnethi eluhlaza isebenzisa ubushushu obungaphantsi kwendawo yokunyibilika ukuze inike iimpawu zayo zokugqibela zemagneti. Inkqubo ijongwa ngononophelo kwi-inert, umoya ongenayo i-oxygen. Iioksidi zinokutshabalalisa ukusebenza kwemagnethi ye-neodymium. Ixinzelelwe kumaqondo okushisa afikelela kwi-1080 ° C kodwa ngaphantsi kwendawo yokunyibilika ukunyanzela amaqhekeza ukuba abambelele omnye komnye.
Ukucima kusetyenziswa ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza imagnethi kunye nokunciphisa izigaba, eziziintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-alloy ezineempawu ezimbi zemagneti.
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Umatshini:
Iimagnethi ezisiyiweyo zigutyungelwa kusetyenziswa idayimane okanye izixhobo zokusika ucingo ukuze zibunjwe ngendlela efanelekileyo yokunyamezelana.
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Ukwaleka kunye nokwaleka:
I-Neodymium i-oxidizes ngokukhawuleza kwaye iyakwazi ukubola, enokuthi isuse iimpawu zayo zamagnetic. Ukuze zikhuseleke, ziqatywe ngeplastiki, i-nickel, ubhedu, i-zinc, i-tin, okanye ezinye iindlela zokugquma.
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Imagnethi:
Nangona umazibuthe unecala eliya ngakulo umazibuthe, awunamagnethi kwaye kufuneka utyhileke ngokufutshane kwindawo eyomeleleyo yemagnethi, eyicoil yocingo ejikeleze umazibuthe. I-magnetizing ibandakanya ii-capacitors kunye ne-voltage ephezulu ukuvelisa umsinga onamandla.
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Uhlolo lokugqibela:
Iiprojekti zokulinganisa iDijithali ziqinisekisa imilinganiselo kunye netekhnoloji ye-x-reyi ye-fluorescence iqinisekisa ubukhulu be-plating. Ukwaleka kuvavanywa ngezinye iindlela zokuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye namandla. Ijika le-BH livavanywa yigrafu ye-hysteresis ukuqinisekisa ukukhulisa ngokupheleleyo.
Ukudibanisa
I-Bonding, okanye i-compression bonding, yinkqubo yokufa esebenzisa umxube we-neodymium powder kunye ne-epoxy ebophelelayo i-agent. Umxube ngu-97% wezinto eziphathekayo kunye ne-3% ye-epoxy.
Umxube we-epoxy kunye neodymium uxinzelelwe kwi-press okanye ukhutshwe kwaye uphiliswe kwi-oven. Kuba umxube ucinezelwe kwidayisi okanye ufakwe kwi-extrusion, iimagnethi zinokubunjwa zibe ziimo ezintsonkothileyo kunye noqwalaselo. Inkqubo yokudibanisa i-compression ivelisa iimagnethi ezinokunyamezela okuqinileyo kwaye ayifuni imisebenzi yesibini.
Iimagnethi ezidityaniswe ngoxinzelelo ziyi-isotropic kwaye zinokwenziwa umazibuthe kulo naliphi na icala, elibandakanya ulungelelwaniso lwepolar ezininzi. Ukubophelela kwe-epoxy kwenza iimagnethi zomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuba zingasilwa okanye zifakwe iileyile kodwa zingagrunjwa okanye zicofe.
IRadial Sintered
Iimagnethi ze-neodymium eziqhelaniswe ngokukhawuleza zezona magnethi zintsha kwimarike yemagnethi. Inkqubo yokuvelisa iimagnethi ezilungelelanisiweyo yaziwa iminyaka emininzi kodwa ibingenaxabiso. Uphuhliso lwakutsha nje lwetekhnoloji luyilungelelanisile inkqubo yokwenziwa kwenza ukuba kube lula ukuvelisa iimagnethi ezijolise kwi-radially.
Iinkqubo ezintathu zokwenza imagnethi ye-radial elungelelanisiweyo ye-neodymium kukubumba uxinzelelo lwe-anisotropic, ukucinezela okushushu ngasemva, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwe-radial ejikelezayo.
Inkqubo ye-sintering iqinisekisa ukuba akukho mabala abuthathaka kwisakhiwo semagnethi.
Owona mgangatho ukhethekileyo weemagnethi ezilungelelaniswe ngokwemitha licala lemagnethi, elihamba lijikeleze iperimeter yemagnethi. Ipali esezantsi yemagnethi ingaphakathi kweringi, ngelixa ipali engasentla ikwisangqa sayo.
Iimagnethi ze-neodymium eziqhelaniswe ngokukhawuleza zi-anisotropic kwaye zenziwe ngemagnethi ukusuka ngaphakathi kweringi ukuya ngaphandle. Umazibuthe weRadial wonyusa amakhonkco amandla kazibuthe kwaye unokubunjwa ngokweepateni ezininzi.
Iimagnethi zeringi zeRadial neodymium zinokusetyenziselwa iimotor ezilungelelanisiweyo, iimoto zokunyathela, kunye neenjini ze-DC brushless kumashishini eemoto, ekhompyuter, e-elektroniki kunye nonxibelelwano.
Usetyenziso lweZibuthe zeNeodymium
IiConveyor zokwahlulwa kweMagnetic:
Kulo mboniso ungezantsi, ibhanti lokuhambisa ligqunywe ngeemagnethi ze-neodymium. Iimagnethi zilungelelaniswe ngeepali ezitshintshanayo ezijonge ngaphandle ezizinika amandla okuqina. Izinto ezingatsalwanga kwimagnethi ziyawa, ngelixa i-ferromagnetic imathiriyeli iwiswa kumgqomo wokuqokelela.
Iidiski ezinzima zokuqhuba:
Ii-hard drives zinemizila kunye namacandelo aneeseli zemagneti. Iiseli zenziwe ngemagnethi xa idatha ibhalwa kwi-drive.
Ukuthatha isiginci soMbane:
Isiginci sombane siyava iintambo ezingcangcazelayo kwaye iguqule umqondiso ube ngumbane obuthathaka ukuze uthunyelwe kwisandisi-lizwi kunye nesithethi. Iigitare zombane azifani neegitare ze-acoustic ezikhulisa isandi sazo kwibhokisi engenanto phantsi kweentambo. Iigitha zombane zinokuba yintsimbi eqinileyo okanye iinkuni ezinesandi sazo esandisiweyo ngombane.
Unyango lwamanzi:
Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zisetyenziswa kunyango lwamanzi ukunciphisa ukukala kumanzi anzima. Amanzi anzima aneminerali ephezulu ye-calcium kunye ne-magnesium. Ngonyango lwamanzi lwemagnethi, amanzi adlula kwimagnethi ukuze abambe isikali. Itekhnoloji ayikhange yamkelwe ngokupheleleyo njengesebenzayo. Kuye kwakho iziphumo ezikhuthazayo.
Ukutshintsha kweReed:
Ukutshintsha ingcongolo sisitshixo sombane esisetyenziswa yimagnethi. Banonxibelelwano olubini kunye neengcongolo zetsimbi kwimvulophu yeglasi. Abafowunelwa bokutshintsha bavulwa de bavulwe yimagnethi.
Izitshixo zeengcongolo zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zoomatshini njengezivamvo zokusondelelana kwiingcango kunye neefestile kwizixokelelwano ze-alam yokuqhekeza kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuphazamisa. Kwiilaptops, utshintsho lweengcongolo lubeka ilaptop kwindawo yokulala xa isiciko sivaliwe. Izitshixo zePedal zelungu lemibhobho zisebenzisa iiswitshi zengcongolo ezikwindawo ebiyelweyo yeglasi kubafowunelwa ukubakhusela kubumdaka, uthuli, kunye nobutyobo.
Iimagnethi zokuthunga:
I-Neodymium ithunga kwiimagnethi isetyenziselwa i-clasps magnetic kwi-purs, iimpahla, kunye neefolda okanye izibophelelo. Iimagnethi zokuthunga zithengiswa ngambini enye umazibuthe ingu-a+ kwaye enye ingu-.
Iimagnethi zamazinyo:
Amazinyo okufakelwa anokubanjwa ziimagnethi ezifakwe emhlathini wesigulana. Iimagnethi zikhuselwe ekudlekeni kumathe ngokufakwa kwentsimbi engatyiwayo. I-Ceramic titanium nitride isetyenziselwa ukuphepha ukukrazula kunye nokunciphisa ukutyhila kwi-nickel.
Iingcango zeMagnetic:
Iingcango zemagnethi ziyindawo yokumisa ebambe ucango oluvulekileyo. Ucango luyavuleka, lubambe umazibuthe, luhlale luvuliwe de ucango lutsalwe kwimagnethi.
I-Jewelry Clasp:
Iintsimbi zobucwebe bemagnethi ziza neziqingatha ezibini kwaye zithengiswa njengesibini. Iziqingatha zinemagnethi kwindlu yemathiriyeli engeyiyo umazibuthe. I-loop yentsimbi ekupheleni idibanisa ikhonkco yesongo okanye i-necklace. Izindlu zikamazibuthe zingena ngaphakathi kwenye zikhusela icala ukuya kwelinye icala okanye intshukumo yokucheba phakathi kwemagnethi ukunika indawo eyomeleleyo.
Izithethi:
Izithethi ziguqula amandla ombane abe ngamandla omatshini okanye intshukumo. Amandla omatshini acinezela umoya kwaye aguqule intshukumo kumandla omsindo okanye inqanaba loxinzelelo lwesandi. Umsinga wombane, othunyelwe ngekhoyili yocingo, wenza imagnethi kwimagnethi encanyathiselwe kwisithethi. Ikhoyili yelizwi itsalwa kwaye igxothwa yimagnethi esisigxina, eyenza i-cone, i-coil yezwi idityaniswe kuyo, ihambe emva naphambili. Intshukumo yeecones idala amaza oxinzelelo aviwa njengesandi.
IiSensors ze-Anti-Lock Brake:
Kwiziqhoboshi ezinqanda ukutshixeka, iimagnethi ze-neodymium zisongelwe ngaphakathi kweekhoyili zobhedu kwizivamvo zesiqhoboshi. I-anti-lock braking system ilawula izinga lokunyuka kwamavili kunye nokunciphisa ngokulawula uxinzelelo lomgca olusetyenziswa kwi-brake. Iimpawu zokulawula, ezenziwe ngumlawuli kwaye zisetyenziswe kwiyunithi yokumodareyitha yoxinzelelo lwe-brake, ithathwa kwiinzwa zesantya sevili.
Amazinyo akwiringi yoluvo ajikelezisa ngaphaya kwesivamvo semagnethi, nto leyo ebangela ukujikwa kwepolarity yomhlaba wemagnethi othumela umqondiso ophindaphindiweyo kwisantya se-angular se-asi. Ukwahlula komqondiso kukukhawuleza kwamavili.
Iingqwalasela zeMagnet yeNeodymium
Njengamamagnethi anamandla kwaye anamandla emhlabeni, iimagnethi ze-neodymium zinokuba neziphumo ezibi ezonakalisayo. Kubalulekile ukuba ziphathwe ngokufanelekileyo kuqwalaselwe umonakalo ezinokuwubangela. Apha ngezantsi kukho iinkcazo zezinye iziphumo ezingalunganga zemagnethi ye-neodymium.
Iziphumo ezibi zeNeodymium Magnets
Ukwenzakala emzimbeni:
Imagnethi ye-Neodymium inokutsiba kunye kwaye icinezele ulusu okanye ibangele ukwenzakala okukhulu. Ziyakwazi ukutsiba okanye slam kunye ukusuka kwii-intshi ezininzi ukuya kwiimitha ezininzi ngaphandle. Ukuba umnwe usendleleni, unokwaphulwa okanye wenzekaliswe kakhulu. Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zinamandla ngakumbi kunezinye iintlobo zemagnethi. Amandla amangalisayo aphakathi kwabo adla ngokumangalisa.
Ukwaphulwa kweMagnet:
Iimagnethi zeNeodymium ziyaphuka kwaye ziyakwazi ukuxobuka, ukuqhekeka, ukuqhekeka okanye ukuqhekeka ukuba zibetheka kunye, nto leyo ethumela iingceba zentsimbi ezibukhali zibhabha ngesantya esikhulu. Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zenziwe ngemathiriyeli eqinileyo, enqabileyo. Nangona zenziwe ngentsimbi, kwaye zinembonakalo ekhazimlayo, yentsimbi, azihlali ixesha elide. Ukhuseleko lwamehlo kufuneka lunxitywe xa uphathwa.
Zigcine Kubantwana:
Imagnethi yeNeodymium ayizonto zokudlala. Abantwana abafanele bavunyelwe ukuba baziphathe. Abancinci banokuba yingozi yokuminxa. Ukuba iimagnethi ezininzi ziginyiwe, zincamathela omnye komnye ngeendonga zamathumbu, eziya kubangela imiba yezempilo enzima, efuna utyando olukhawulezileyo, olungxamisekileyo.
Ingozi kwiPacemakers:
Amandla entsimi ye-gauss elishumi kufuphi ne-pacemaker okanye i-defibrillator inokunxibelelana nesixhobo esifakelweyo. Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zenza imagnethi eyomeleleyo, enokuphazamisana ne-pacemakers, ii-ICDs, kunye nezixhobo zonyango ezifakelweyo. Izixhobo ezininzi ezifakelweyo ziyacima xa zikufutshane nemagnethi.
Imidiya yeMagnetic:
Imagnethi eyomeleleyo evela kwimagnethi ye-neodymium inokonakalisa imidiya yemagnethi efana nefloppy disks, amakhadi okuthenga ngetyala, amakhadi esazisi kazibuthe, iikhasethi, iikhasethi zevidiyo, zonakalisa oomabonakude abadala, iiVCR, iimonitha zekhompyuter, kunye neziboniso zeCRT. Akufunekanga zibekwe kufutshane nezixhobo ze-elektroniki.
I-GPS kunye nee-Smartphones:
Imimandla yemagnethi iphazamisana nekhampasi okanye iimagnethi kunye neekhampasi zangaphakathi zee-smartphones kunye nezixhobo zeGPS. I-International Air Transport Association kunye ne-US Federal imithetho kunye nemimiselo igubungela ukuthunyelwa kweemagnethi.
I-Nickel Alergy:
Ukuba une-nickel allergy, i-immune system iphosakele i-nickel njenge-intruder eyingozi kwaye ivelisa iikhemikhali zokulwa nayo. I-alergic reaction kwi-nickel bubomvu kunye ne-skin rash. I-nickel allergies ixhaphake kakhulu kubasetyhini kunye namantombazana. Ngokuqikelelwa, i-36 pesenti yabasetyhini, abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-18, bane-nickel allergy. Indlela yokuphepha ukwaliwa kwe-nickel kukuphepha i-nickel coated neodymium umazibuthe.
I-Demagnetization:
Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zigcina ukusebenza kwazo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80°C okanye i-175° F. Ubushushu eziqala ukuphulukana nokusebenza kwazo buyahluka ngokwebakala, ukumila, kunye nokusebenza.
Ukutsha:
Iimagnethi zeNeodymium akufuneki zombiwe okanye zenziwe ngoomatshini. Uthuli nomgubo oveliswa ngokusila uyatsha.
Ukonakala:
Imagnethi ye-Neodymium igqitywe ngohlobo oluthile lokugquma okanye i-plating ukuze ibakhusele kwizinto. Azikhuseli manzi kwaye ziya kuhlwa okanye zidle xa zibekwe kwindawo emanzi okanye efumileyo.
Imigangatho kunye neMimiselo yokusetyenziswa kweMagnet yeNeodymium
Nangona iimagnethi ze-neodymium zinendawo eyomeleleyo kazibuthe, zibhityana kakhulu kwaye zifuna ukuphathwa ngendlela ekhethekileyo. Ii-arhente ezininzi zokubeka iliso kwimizi-mveliso ziye zaphuhlisa imigaqo malunga nokuphathwa, ukwenziwa, kunye nokuthunyelwa kweemagnethi ze-neodymium. Inkcazo emfutshane yemimiselo embalwa idweliswe ngezantsi.
Imigangatho kunye neMimiselo ye-Neodymium Magnets
Umbutho waseMelika weeNjineli zoomatshini:
I-American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) inemigangatho ye-Ezantsi-The-Hook Lifting Devices. Umgangatho we-B30.20 usebenza kufakelo, ekuhlolweni, ekuvavanyeni, ekugcinweni nasekusetyenzweni kwezixhobo zokuphakamisa, ezibandakanya ukuphakamisa iimagnethi apho umqhubi abeka umazibuthe kumthwalo kwaye akhokele umthwalo. Umgangatho we-ASME we-BTH-1 usetyenziswa kunye ne-ASME B30.20.
Uhlalutyo lweengozi kunye neendawo zoLawulo eziBalulekileyo:
Uhlalutyo lweengozi kunye neeNdawo zoLawulo eziBalulekileyo (HACCP) yinkqubo yolawulo lomngcipheko eyaziwayo kumazwe ngamazwe. Ivavanya ukhuseleko lokutya kwiingozi zebhayoloji, iikhemikhali, kunye neengozi zomzimba ngokufuna ukuchongwa kunye nokulawulwa kweengozi kwiindawo ezithile kwinkqubo yokuvelisa. Ibonelela ngesatifikethi sezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo zokutya. I-HACCP ichonge kwaye yaqinisekisa iimagnethi ezithile zokwahlula ezisetyenziswa kushishino lokutya.
iSebe lezoLimo laseMelika:
Isixhobo sokwahlula imagnethi samkelwe liSebe lezoLimo lase-United States njengeNkonzo yokuThengisa ezoLimo njengokuthobela iinkqubo ezimbini zokulungisa ukutya:
- Inkqubo yokuHlola izixhobo zobisi
- Inkqubo yoPhononongo lwezixhobo zenyama kunye neenkukhu
Izatifikethi zisekwe kwimigangatho emibini okanye kwizikhokelo:
- Uyilo lococeko kunye nokuFakwa kweZixhobo zokuLungisa iiDari
- Uyilo lococeko kunye nokuFakwa kweZixhobo zokuLungisa iNyama kunye neeNkukhu ezihlangabezana ne-NSF/ANSI/3-A SSI 14159-1-2014 IiMfuno zoCoceko
Uthintelo lokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinobungozi:
Ukuthintelwa kokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinobungozi (i-RoHS) imimiselo yokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-lead, i-cadmium, i-polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), i-mercury, i-chromium ene-hexavalent, kunye ne-polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) i-flame retardants kwizixhobo zombane. Kuba iimagnethi ze-neodymium zinokuba yingozi, i-RoHS iphuhlise imigangatho yokuphatha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo.
Umbutho weHlabathi wezoPhapho kuLuntu:
Iimagnethi zizimisele ukuba ziyingozi kwimpahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle kwelizwekazi lase-United States ukuya kumazwe ngamazwe. Nayiphi na imathiriyeli epakishiweyo, eza kuthunyelwa ngomoya, kufuneka ibe namandla emagnethi e-0.002 Gauss okanye ngaphezulu kumgama weemitha ezisixhenxe ukusuka kuyo nayiphi na indawo kumphezulu wepakethe.
Federal Aviation Administration:
Iipakethi ezinemagnethi ezithunyelwa ngomoya kufuneka zivavanywe ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho emiselweyo. Iiphakheji zemagnethi kufuneka zilinganise ngaphantsi kwe-0.00525 ye-gauss kwii-15 iinyawo ukusuka kwiphakheji. Iimagnethi ezinamandla kwaye ezomeleleyo kufuneka zibe nohlobo oluthile lokhuselo. Kukho imigaqo emininzi kunye neemfuno ekufuneka kuhlangatyezwane nazo ekuthumeleni iimagnethi ngomoya ngenxa yeengozi ezinokuthi zibe kho zokhuseleko.
Unyino, uVavanyo, uGunyaziso lweMichiza:
Unyino, uVavanyo kunye noGunyaziso lweMichiza (REACH) ngumbutho wamazwe ngamazwe oyinxalenye yeManyano yaseYurophu. Ilawula kwaye iphuhlise imigangatho yezinto ezinobungozi. Inamaxwebhu amaninzi achaza ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo, ukuphatha, kunye nokuveliswa kweemagnethi. Uninzi loncwadi lubhekisa kusetyenziso lweemagnethi kwizixhobo zonyango nakwizinto zombane.
Ukuqukumbela
- Imagnethi ye-Neodymium (Nd-Fe-B), ezaziwa ngokuba ziimagnethi ze-neo, ziimagnethi zomhlaba eziqhelekileyo ezinqabileyo ezenziwe yi-neodymium (Nd), intsimbi (Fe), i-boron (B), kunye neentsimbi zenguqu.
- Iinkqubo ezimbini ezisetyenzisiweyo ukwenza imagnethi ye-neodymium i-sintering kunye ne-bonding.
- Iimagnethi zeNeodymium ziye zaba zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintlobo ezininzi zeemagnethi.
- Imagnethi yemagnethi ye-neodymium yenzeka xa imagnethi isetyenziswa kuyo kwaye i-atomic dipoles ilungelelaniswa, eyi-magnetic hysteresis loop.
- Iimagnethi ze-Neodymium zinokuveliswa nakweyiphi na isayizi kodwa zigcine amandla azo okuqala kazibuthe.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-11-2022