Amandla omoya abe ngowona mthombo wamandla acocekileyo unokwenzeka emhlabeni. Kangangeminyaka emininzi, uninzi lombane wethu beluvela kumalahle, i-oyile kunye nezinye izibaso zefosili. Nangona kunjalo, ukudala amandla kobu butyebi kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwindawo yethu kwaye kungcolise umoya, umhlaba kunye namanzi. Oku kuqatshelwa kuye kwenza abantu abaninzi baphendukela kumandla aluhlaza njengesisombululo. Ke ngoko, amandla avuselelekayo abaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, kubandakanya:
-Impembelelo entle kokusingqongileyo
-Imisebenzi kunye nezinye izibonelelo zoqoqosho
-Impilo yoluntu ephuculweyo
-Unikezelo lwamandla olukhulu nolungenakuphela
-Inkqubo yamandla ethembekileyo neyomelela ngakumbi
Ngowe-1831, uMichael Faraday wenza ijenereyitha yokuqala ye-electromagnetic. Wafumanisa ukuba umsinga wombane unokudalwa kwi-conductor xa ushukunyiswa kumhlaba wamagnetic. Phantse kwiminyaka engama-200 kamva, iimagnethi kunye nemagnethi ziyaqhubeka zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni umbane wale mihla. Iinjineli ziyaqhubeka nokwakha phezu kwezinto ezenziwe nguFaraday, ngoyilo olutsha lokusombulula iingxaki zenkulungwane yama-21.
Ithathwa njengomatshini ontsonkothileyo kakhulu, iiinjini zomoya ziya zithandwa kakhulu kwicandelo lamandla ahlaziyekayo. Ukongeza, indawo nganye yeinjini yomoya idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwindlela esebenza ngayo kwaye ibambe amandla omoya. Ngeyona ndlela ilula, indlela iiinjini zomoya ezisebenza ngayo yile:
-Imimoya enamandla ijika iincakuba
-Iincakuba zefeni ziqhagamshelwe kumjelo ophambili osembindini
-Ijenereyitha eqhagamshelwe kuloo shaft iguqula eso sindululo sibe ngumbane
Iimagnethi ezisisigxina zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwezinye zee turbines ezinkulu zehlabathi. Iimagnethi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, ezinje ngemagnethi ye-neodymium-iron-boron enamandla, zisetyenzisiwe kuyilo lwe-injini yomoya ukuthoba iindleko, ukuphucula ukuthembeka, kunye nokunciphisa imfuno yolondolozo olubiza kakhulu noluqhubekayo. Ukongeza, uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji entsha, entsha kwiminyaka yakutshanje ikhuthaze iinjineli ukuba zisebenzise iinkqubo zejenereyitha yemagnethi esisigxina (PMG) kwiiinjini zomoya. Ke ngoko, oku kuphelise imfuno yeebhokisi zegiya, ebonisa ukuba iinkqubo zemagnethi ezisisigxina zineendleko eziphezulu, ezithembekileyo kunye nokugcinwa okuphantsi. Endaweni yokufuna umbane ukuze kukhutshwe imagnethi, iimagnethi ezinkulu zeneodymium zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ezazo. Ngaphezu koko, oku kuye kwaphelisa imfuneko yamalungu asetyenziswa kwiijenereyitha zangaphambili, ngelixa kucuthwa isantya somoya esifunekayo ukuvelisa amandla.
Ijenereyitha yemagnethi esisigxina luhlobo olulolunye lwejenereyitha yomoya. Ngokungafaniyo neejenereyitha zokungenisa, ezi jenereyitha zisebenzisa imagnethi yamandla ombane anqabileyo omhlaba endaweni yeemagnethi zombane. Abafuni iiringi zokutyibilika okanye umthombo wamandla wangaphandle ukwenza umhlaba wamagnetic. Ziyakwazi ukusebenza ngesantya esisezantsi, esivumela ukuba zinikwe amandla yi-turbine shaft ngokuthe ngqo kwaye, ngoko ke, ayifuni i-gearbox. Oku kunciphisa ubunzima be-nacelle yomoya-injini yomoya kwaye kuthetha ukuba iinqaba zinokuveliswa ngexabiso eliphantsi. Ukupheliswa kwebhokisi yegiya kubangela ukuthembeka okuphuculweyo, ukuthotywa kweendleko zokuyilungisa, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Ukukwazi koomagnethi ukuvumela abaqulunqi ukuba basuse iibhokisi zegiya koomatshini kwiiinjini zomoya ngumzekelo wendlela iimagnethi ezinokusetyenziswa ngayo ngendlela entsha ekusombululeni iingxaki zokusebenza kunye nezoqoqosho kwiiinjini zomoya zale mihla.
Ishishini leinjini yomoya likhetha iimagnethi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ngezizathu ezithathu eziphambili:
-Iijenereyitha zemagnethi ezisisigxina azidingi mthombo wamandla wangaphandle ukuze ziqalise umhlaba
-I-self-excitation ithetha kwakhona ibhanki yeebhetri okanye i-capacitors yeminye imisebenzi ingaba yincinci
-Uyilo lunciphisa ilahleko zombane
Ukongeza, ngenxa yoxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu ahlala esebenza ngeejenereyitha zemagnethi ezinikezelayo, ubunzima obuthile obunxulunyaniswa ne-copper windings buyasuswa kunye neengxaki zokonakalisa ukugquma kunye nokuncipha.
Amandla omoya aphakathi kwemithombo yamandla ekhula ngokukhawuleza kwicandelo eliluncedo namhlanje.
Uncedo olukhulu lokusebenzisa oomazibuthe kwiiinjini zomoya ukuvelisa umthombo ococekileyo, okhuselekileyo, osebenza ngakumbi kunye nonoqoqosho olunoqoqosho lwamandla omoya luneziphumo ezilungileyo kakhulu kwisijikelezi-langa sethu, abemi kunye nendlela esiphila ngayo nesisebenza ngayo.
Umoya ngumthombo wamafutha ococekileyo nohlaziyekayo onokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amandla ombane. Iiinjini zomoya zingasetyenziswa kunye neminye imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo ukunceda amazwe kunye namazwe ukuba ahlangabezane nemigangatho yepotfoliyo ehlaziyekayo kunye nezinto ekujoliswe kuzo zokucothisa isantya sokutshintsha kwemozulu. Iiinjini zomoya azikhuphi ikharbon diokside okanye ezinye iigesi zegreenhouse eziyingozi, nto leyo eyenza amandla aqhutywa ngumoya abengcono kwindalo esingqongileyo kunemithombo yefosili esekwe kumafutha.
Ukongeza ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse, amandla omoya abonelela ngeenzuzo ezongezelelweyo kwimithombo yokuvelisa amandla emveli. Imizi-mveliso yamandla enyukliya, amalahle, kunye negesi yendalo isebenzisa isixa esikhulu samanzi ngokumangalisayo kwimveliso yamandla ombane. Kwezi ntlobo zezixhobo zombane, amanzi asetyenziselwa ukwenza umphunga, ukulawula ukukhutshwa, okanye ngeenjongo zokupholisa. Uninzi lwala manzi ekugqibeleni lukhutshelwa emoyeni ngendlela yokujiya. Ngokuchasene noko, iiinjini zomoya azifuni manzi ukuvelisa umbane. Ixabiso leefama zomoya linyuka kakhulu kwimimandla ebharhileyo apho ubukho bamanzi bulinganiselwe.
Mhlawumbi isibonelelo esicacileyo kodwa esibalulekileyo samandla omoya kukuba umthombo wamafutha asimahla kwaye ufumaneka ekuhlaleni. Ngokwahlukileyo, iindleko zepetroli zamafutha efosili zinokuba yenye yeendleko ezinkulu zokusebenza kwiplanti yamandla kwaye inokufuna ukufunyanwa kubaboneleli bamazwe angaphandle abanokudala ukuxhomekeka kwikhonkco lonikezelo oluphazamisekayo kwaye inokuchatshazelwa ziingxabano ze-geopolitical. Oku kuthetha ukuba amandla omoya anokunceda amazwe ukuba azimele ngamandla kwaye anciphise umngcipheko wokuguquguquka kwamaxabiso kumafutha efosili.
Ngokungafaniyo nemithombo yamafutha enomda njengamalahle okanye igesi yendalo, umoya ngumthombo wamandla ozinzileyo ongadingi mafutha efosili ukwenza amandla. Umoya uveliswa ngumahluko wobushushu kunye noxinzelelo kwiatmosfera kwaye kungenxa yokufudumeza kwelanga umhlaba. Njengomthombo wamafutha, umoya unika amandla angenasiphelo yaye, logama nje ilanga liqhubeka liqaqamba, umoya uya kuqhubeka uvuthuza.
