Yintoni uMazibuthe?
Imagnethi yinto eyenza amandla acacileyo kuyo ngaphandle kokudibana ngokwasemzimbeni nezinye izinto.La mandla abizwa ngokuba yimagnethi.Amandla emagnethi angatsala okanye agxothe.Uninzi lwezixhobo ezaziwayo ziqulathe amandla ombane, kodwa amandla kazibuthe kwezi zixhobo mancinci kakhulu.Kwezinye izinto, amandla kazibuthe makhulu kakhulu, ke ezi zinto zibizwa ngokuba ziimagnethi.Nomhlaba ngokwawo ungumazibuthe omkhulu.
Kukho amanqaku amabini kuzo zonke iimagnethi apho amandla kazibuthe makhulu.Zaziwa ngokuba ziipali.Kumazibuthe webha yoxande, izibonda zithe ngqo omnye komnye.Zibizwa ngokuba yi-North Pole okanye i-North Pole, kunye ne-South Pole okanye i-South Pole.
Umazibuthe unokwenziwa ngokulula ngokuthatha umazibuthe okhoyo kwaye uhlikihle iqhekeza lentsimbi ngayo.Esi siqwenga sesinyithi esisetyenziswayo kufuneka sihlanjwe ngokuqhubekayo kwicala elinye.Oku kwenza ii-electron ezikwelo cwecwe lentsimbi ziqale ukujikeleza kwicala elinye.Umsinga wombane ukwanakho ukwenza imagnethi.Kuba umbane kukuqukuqela kwee-elektroni, xa ii-elektroni ezihambayo zihamba ngocingo zihamba kunye nefuthe elifanayo njengee-electron ezijikeleza kwinucleus yeathom.Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-electromagnetic.
Ngenxa yendlela ii-electron zazo ezilungelelaniswe ngayo, iintsimbi zenikeli, icobalt, intsimbi, kunye nentsimbi zenza iimagnethi ezintle kakhulu.Ezi ntsimbi zingahlala zimagnethi ngonaphakade nje ukuba zibe ziimagnethi.Ngaloo ndlela ukuthwala igama lemagnethi enzima.Nangona kunjalo ezi ntsimbi kunye nezinye zinokuziphatha njengoomazibuthe okwethutyana ukuba ziye zavezwa okanye zisondele kwimagnethi eqinile.Emva koko baphatha igama lemagnethi ethambileyo.
Isebenza njani iMagnetism
I-Magnetism yenzeka xa amasuntswana amancinane abizwa ngokuba zii-electrons eshukuma ngandlel' ithile.Yonke into iqulunqwe ngeeyunithi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-athomu, eziye zakhiwe ngee-electron kunye namanye amasuntswana, ayi-neutron kunye neeproton.Ezi electron zikholisa ukujikeleza kwinucleus, equlethe amanye amasuntswana akhankanywe ngasentla.Amandla kamagnethi amancinci abangelwa kukujikeleza kwezi electron.Kwezinye iimeko, ii-electron ezininzi kwinto zijikeleza kwicala elinye.Isiphumo sazo zonke ezi zixhobo zincinci zincinci zivela kwi-electron ngumazibuthe omkhulu.
Ukulungisa umgubo
Izixa ezifanelekileyo zentsimbi, i-boron, kunye neodymium ziyafudunyezwa ukuze zinyibilike phantsi kwe-vacuum okanye kwisithando somlilo esinyibilikisayo sisebenzisa igesi engasebenziyo.Ukusetyenziswa kwe-vacuum kukuthintela ukuphendula kweekhemikhali phakathi kwezinto ezinyibilikayo kunye nomoya.Xa i-alloy etyhidiweyo ipholile, iyaphuka kwaye icolile yenze imicu emincinci yesinyithi.Emva koko, amaqhekeza amancinci ahlanjululwe kwaye atyunyuzwe abe ngumgubo ocolekileyo ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-7 microns ububanzi.Umgubo osanda kwenziwa uyasebenza kakhulu kwaye unako ukubangela ukuvutha emoyeni kwaye kufuneka ugcinwe kude nokuvela kwi-oxygen.
Isostatic Compaction
Inkqubo ye-isostatic compaction ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-pressing.Intsimbi yomgubo ithathwa kwaye ibekwe kwi-mold.Olu ngundo lukwabizwa ngokuba yi-die.Ukuze izinto zomgubo zihambelane namasuntswana empuphu kusetyenziswe amandla omagnetic, kwaye ngeli xesha kusetyenziswa amandla ombane, iinkunzi zeegusha zehydraulic zisetyenziselwa ukuyicinezela ngokupheleleyo ukuya ngaphakathi kwe-0.125 intshi (0.32 cm) yesicwangciso sayo esicwangcisiweyo. ubukhulu.Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-10,000 psi ukuya kwi-15,000 psi (70 MPa ukuya kwi-100 MPa).Olunye uyilo kunye neemilo zenziwa ngokubeka izinto kwisikhongozeli esikhutshwayo esingangeni moya phambi kokuba zicinezelwe zifikelele kwimo oyifunayo ngoxinzelelo lwegesi.
Uninzi lwezixhobo ezithatha umzekelo, iinkuni, amanzi, kunye nomoya zineempawu zemagneti ezibuthathaka kakhulu.Iimagnethi zitsala izinto ezineentsimbi zangaphambili ngamandla kakhulu.Zikwatsala okanye zigxotha ezinye iimagnethi eziqinileyo xa zisondezwe kufutshane.Esi siphumo kungenxa yokuba umazibuthe uneepali ezimbini ezichaseneyo.Iipali ezisemazantsi zitsala iipali ezisemantla zezinye iimagnethi, kodwa zigxotha ezinye iipali ezisemazantsi kwaye ngokuphambeneyo.
Iimagnethi zokuvelisa
Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo esetyenziswa ekwenzeni umazibuthe ibizwa ngokuba yi powder metallurgy.Kuba iimagnethi zibandakanya izinto ezahlukeneyo, iinkqubo zokuzenza nazo zahlukile kwaye zahlukile ngokwazo.Umzekelo, iimagnethi zenziwa kusetyenziswa ubuchule bokuphosa ngesinyithi, ngelixa iimagnethi eziguquguqukayo ezisisigxina zenziwa kwiinkqubo ezibandakanya ukukhutshwa kweplastiki apho izinto ezikrwada zixutywa kubushushu ngaphambi kokuba zinyanzelwe ngokuvula phantsi kweemeko zoxinzelelo olukhulu.Ngezantsi yinkqubo yokwenziwa kwemagnethi.
Yonke imiba ebalulekileyo nebalulekileyo yokukhetha oomazibuthe kufuneka iziswe phantsi kwengxoxo nawo omabini amaqela obunjineli kunye nemveliso.Inkqubo yemagneti kwiinkqubo zokwenziwa kweemagnethi, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izinto eziphathekayo yinxalenye yentsimbi ecinezelweyo.Nangona yayisetyenziswa kumandla kazibuthe ngexesha lenkqubo yokucinezelwa kwe-isostatic, amandla awazange azise umphumo wemagnethi kwizinto eziphathekayo, kuphela umgca we-powder particles.Iqhekeza iziswa phakathi kweepali ze-electromagnetic eyomeleleyo kwaye emva koko ijoliswe kwicala elijoliswe kwi-magnetization.Emva kokuba i-electromagnetic inikwe amandla, amandla kazibuthe alungelelanisa imimandla yamagnetic ngaphakathi kwesixhobo, esenza isiqwenga sibe yimagnethi eyomeleleyo esisigxina.
Ukufudumeza umbandela
Emva kwenkqubo ye-isostatic compaction i-slug yensimbi engumgubo ihlukaniswe kwi-die kwaye ifakwe kwi-oven.I-Sintering yinkqubo okanye indlela yokongeza ubushushu kwiintsimbi ezixinzelelweyo zomgubo ukuze ziguqulwe zibe ngamaqhekeza esinyithi adityanisiweyo emva koko.
Inkqubo ye-sintering iquka izigaba ezithathu.Ngethuba lenkqubo yesigaba sokuqala, izinto ezixinzelelekileyo zifudumala kumaqondo okushisa aphantsi kakhulu ukwenzela ukugxotha bonke umswakama okanye zonke izinto ezingcolileyo ezinokuthi zibanjiswe ngexesha lenkqubo ye-isostatic compaction.Ngethuba lenqanaba lesibini le-sintering, kukho ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa malunga ne-70-90% yendawo yokunyibilika kwe-alloy.Iqondo lobushushu libanjwa apho kangangesithuba seeyure okanye iintsuku ukuze amasuntswana amancinane ahambelane, adibane kwaye axubane kunye.Inqanaba lokugqibela lokuntywila kuxa imathiriyeli ipholiswa ngokucothayo ngokunyuka kobushushu obulawulwayo.
Ukuhlonyelwa koMathiriyeli
Emva kwenkqubo yokufudumeza kuza inkqubo yokufunxa.Oku kuxa i-sintered material ingena kwelinye inyathelo ngenyathelo elilawulwayo lokufudumeza kunye nenkqubo yokupholisa ukuze ulahle naluphi na okanye zonke iingcinezelo ezishiyekileyo ezisele ngaphakathi kwezinto kwaye zenze zomelele.
Ukugqitywa kweMagnet
Ezi magnethi zine-sintered zingentla zinenqanaba elithile okanye iqondo lobuchwephesha, ukusukela ekuzisileni ukuba zigudise kwaye zingqamane okanye zenze iindawo ezincinci ngaphandle kwemagnethi.Izinto ezenza umazibuthe zinzima kakhulu kwaye zibhityile (i-Rockwell C 57 ukuya ku-61).Ngoko ke le nto idinga amavili edayimane kwiinkqubo zokuqhawula, nazo zisetyenziselwa amavili abrasive kwiinkqubo zokusila.Inkqubo yokuqhawula ingenziwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo isusa imfuno yenkqubo yokugaya.Ezi nkqubo zikhankanywe ngasentla zifuna ukuba zenziwe ngocoselelo kakhulu ukuze kuncitshiswe ukukrazula nokuqhekeka.
Kukho iimeko apho ubume bemagnethi bokugqibela bunceda kakhulu ukusetyenzwa ngevili lokusila ledayimani elimile njengezonka zezonka.Isiphumo sokugqibela kwisimo sokugqibela siziswa ngaphaya kwevili lokusila kwaye ivili lokugaya libonelela ngemilinganiselo echanekileyo kunye nechanekileyo.Imveliso ye-annealed isondele kakhulu kwimilo egqityiweyo kunye nobukhulu obunqwenelekayo ukuba yenziwe.Ubume obukufutshane bomnatha ligama elidla ngokunikwa le meko.Inkqubo yokugqibela kunye neyokugqibela yomatshini isusa nayiphi na imathiriyeli engaphezulu kwaye ibonise umphezulu ogudileyo apho kufuneka khona.Ekugqibeleni ukuze utywine umphezulu izinto eziphathekayo zinikwe isambatho sokukhusela.
Inkqubo yokwenza imagnethi
Imagnethi ilandela inkqubo yokugqiba, kwaye xa inkqubo yokwenziwa yenziwe, umazibuthe ufuna ukutshajiswa ukuze avelise umhlaba wangaphandle wemagnethi.Ukufezekisa oku, i-solenoid isetyenziswa.I-solenoid sisilinda esimngxuma apho ubukhulu bemagnethi obuhlukeneyo kunye neemilo zinokubekwa khona okanye kunye nezixhobo, i-solenoid iyilwe ukunika iipateni ezahlukeneyo zemagnethi okanye uyilo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphatha kunye nokudibanisa ezi magnethi zinamandla kwiimeko zazo zemagneti. .Uqwalaselo kufuneka lwenziwe kwiimfuno zentsimi yemagnethi, ebaluleke kakhulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-05-2022